Climate and Health

Climate change is not just an environmental issue – it directly affects human health. Rising global temperatures, shifts in weather patterns, and increasing air pollution contribute to various health problems. From respiratory diseases to mental health concerns, the consequences of climate change are widespread and often disproportionately impact vulnerable populations. Understanding these risks is crucial to developing effective strategies for adaptation and mitigation.

How Climate Change Affects Human Health

Environmental changes influence public health in multiple ways. Combining natural and human-made stressors intensifies existing health issues and creates new risks. Age, socioeconomic status, and geographic location determine how severely individuals are affected. In the U.S., disruptions to physical, biological, and ecological systems, both locally and globally, have led to significant health challenges.

Key Health Risks Linked to Climate Change

• Respiratory and cardiovascular diseases are caused by rising air pollution.
• Injuries and fatalities resulting from extreme weather events such as hurricanes and wildfires.
• Food- and waterborne diseases spread due to shifting temperatures and precipitation patterns.
• Mental health challenges stemming from climate-related stress and displacement.

For more information on these health effects, resources such as the National Climate Assessment and the CDC’s climate adaptation planning initiatives provide further insights.

Air Quality and Allergies: The Rising Threat of Pollen

One significant consequence of climate change is increased airborne allergens, particularly pollen. Changes in precipitation, temperature, and CO₂ levels contribute to:

• Longer pollen seasons with earlier start dates.
• Higher pollen concentrations lead to stronger allergic reactions.
• Increased allergen potency, making symptoms more severe.

Pollen exposure is a leading cause of hay fever (allergic rhinitis) and allergic conjunctivitis. Hay fever affects up to 60 million Americans annually, causing sneezing, congestion, and runny nose. Similarly, allergic conjunctivitis results in red, watery, and itchy eyes in nearly 30% of the general population.

Climate Change and Asthma Risks

Individuals with asthma are particularly vulnerable to worsening pollen conditions. Increased pollen exposure can:

• Trigger asthma attacks and worsen respiratory symptoms.
• It leads to higher hospitalization rates for respiratory conditions.
• Raise medical costs exceeding $3 billion annually, with nearly half attributed to prescription medications.

Extreme Weather and Indoor Air Quality

Rising temperatures and extreme rainfall can also impact indoor air quality, increasing the risk of respiratory issues. Mold growth, often caused by excessive moisture, poses a significant health concern. Mold exposure can worsen asthma symptoms and trigger allergic reactions. Maintaining proper indoor air quality is essential to mitigating these health risks.

Adapting to Climate Change for Better Health

Understanding the connection between climate change and health is the first step in reducing risks. Strategies to protect public health include:

• Monitoring air quality and limiting outdoor activities during high-pollen seasons.
• Strengthening healthcare systems to prepare for climate-related diseases.
• Improving building ventilation to prevent indoor mold growth.
• Advocating for policies that reduce carbon emissions and improve environmental sustainability.

Climate change is a growing public health crisis. Addressing its effects requires coordinated efforts from governments, healthcare providers, and individuals. We can work toward a safer and healthier future by recognizing the health risks and taking action.