Particle pollution, also known as particulate matter (PM), consists of tiny solid or liquid particles in the air. These particles may include:
Dust
Dirt
Soot
Smoke
Liquid droplets
Some particles, such as smoke, are large enough or dark enough to be visible. Others are so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye.
Sources of Particle Pollution
Particle pollution comes from two main types of sources: primary and secondary.
Primary sources directly produce particle pollution. Examples include wood stoves and forest fires.
Secondary sources release gases that can later form particles. Power plants and coal burning are examples of secondary sources.
Other common sources, which can act as either primary or secondary, include factories, vehicles, and construction sites. Smoke from fires and emissions from power plants, industrial facilities, and vehicles are significant contributors to particle pollution.
Particle Pollution and Your Health
Breathing in particle pollution can negatively impact health. Larger particles, referred to as PM, may cause irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat. These particles are often found in dust from roads, farms, dry riverbeds, construction sites, and mines.
Smaller particles, also known as PM, are more dangerous because they can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream.
Who Is Most Affected by Particle Pollution?
While particle pollution can affect everyone, certain groups are more likely to experience health issues, including:
Individuals with heart or lung conditions, such as asthma
Older adults
Babies and young children
Particle pollution can exacerbate asthma symptoms. Therefore, it’s important to carefully follow asthma management plans, particularly on days when pollution levels are elevated.
Health Problems Associated with Particle Pollution
Eye irritation
Irritation of the lungs and throat
Difficulty breathing
Lung cancer
Birth complications, such as low birth weight
Taking steps to reduce exposure to particle pollution is crucial for minimizing health risks, especially for those in vulnerable groups.
Heart Disease and Particle Pollution
For individuals with heart disease, breathing in particle pollution can lead to serious health issues, including heart attacks. Common symptoms to watch for include:
Chest pain or tightness
Rapid heartbeat
Shortness of breath
Unusual fatigue
If any of these symptoms occur, it’s important to contact a doctor. Make sure to inform your doctor if symptoms worsen or last longer than usual.
Steps to Protect Yourself and Your Family
The good news is that there are effective ways to safeguard yourself and your loved ones from the health impacts of particle pollution. A good starting point is to understand the Air Quality Index (AQI).
What Is the Air Quality Index (AQI)?
The AQI provides information about air pollution levels and helps determine when air quality may become harmful. It’s a valuable tool for avoiding exposure to particle pollution. You can find AQI updates on local TV stations, radio programs, and newspapers. Checking the AQI while planning your daily activities can help reduce health risks.
Take Action
When particle pollution levels are high, it’s important to take steps to limit the amount of polluted air you breathe while outdoors. Consider these tips:
Spend more time indoors, where particle pollution levels are generally lower.
Opt for less intense outdoor activities, such as walking instead of running, to reduce heavy breathing.
Steer clear of busy roads and highways, as vehicle emissions can lead to higher levels of particle pollution.
