World Health Organization Says Processed Meat Causes Cancer

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), part of the World Health Organization, has classified processed meat as a carcinogen, meaning it can cause cancer. Red meat has been labeled a probable carcinogen, meaning it likely increases cancer risk.

Processed meats include hot dogs, bacon, ham, sausage, and some deli meats. These meats undergo processes like curing, salting, smoking, or fermenting to enhance flavor or extend shelf life. Red meat refers to beef, pork, lamb, and goat.

To reach these conclusions, 22 experts from 10 countries analyzed over 800 studies. They found that consuming 50 grams of processed meat daily – about four bacon strips or one hot dog – raised the risk of colorectal cancer by 18%. Evidence also linked red meat to a higher risk of colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancer.

For context, the average lifetime risk of developing colon cancer is 5%. Based on the study, regularly eating processed meat could increase that risk to nearly 6%.

Colleen Doyle, MS, RD, the American Cancer Society’s managing director of nutrition and physical activity, advises reducing red and processed meat intake to lower the risk of colon cancer and potentially other cancers. However, enjoying an occasional hamburger or hot dog is not a major concern.

The American Cancer Society has long encouraged a diet that limits red and processed meats while emphasizing vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. Their guidelines for cancer prevention suggest opting for fish, poultry, or beans instead of red and processed meats.

In addition to dietary changes, avoiding tobacco, maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active, and limiting alcohol can also help reduce the risk of developing various types of cancer.