Nearly half of a household’s energy consumption is dedicated to heating and cooling. Making informed choices about the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system can significantly impact both energy costs and indoor comfort. Taking a few simple steps can help maximize efficiency and reduce utility expenses.
Replace Air Filters Regularly
Checking the air filter each month is essential, especially during peak usage periods in winter and summer. If the filter appears dirty after a month, it should be replaced immediately. At the very least, it must be changed every three months. A clogged filter restricts airflow, forcing the system to work harder, which increases energy consumption. Keeping a clean filter also helps prevent dirt and dust from accumulating in the system, reducing the risk of costly repairs or premature equipment failure.
Schedule an Annual HVAC Tune-Up
Just like a vehicle benefits from regular maintenance to improve fuel efficiency, heating, and cooling systems perform better when serviced annually.
Routine Equipment Maintenance
Regular upkeep helps prevent unexpected breakdowns and costly repairs. To keep HVAC systems running efficiently, it’s recommended to have a professional inspect and service the unit before peak seasons. Since contractors tend to be busiest during extreme temperatures, scheduling a cooling system check in the spring, and a heating system check in the fall ensures that everything is working properly before the system is needed most. One way to remember is by planning maintenance around daylight saving time changes in spring and fall.
Essential Steps for a Routine HVAC Maintenance Check
A standard maintenance inspection should cover the following tasks to ensure efficient operation and longevity of the heating and cooling system.
Verify Thermostat Settings – Ensure the system maintains comfort when at home and conserves energy while away.
Secure Electrical Connections – Tighten all wiring and measure voltage and current on motors. Loose electrical connections can lead to unsafe operation and shorten the lifespan of key components.
Lubricate Moving Parts – Proper lubrication minimizes friction in motors, reducing electricity consumption and preventing excessive wear.
Inspect and Clean Condensate Drain – Check the drain for blockages in the air conditioner, furnace, or heat pump (when in cooling mode). A clogged drain can lead to water damage and increased indoor humidity.
Test System Controls – Ensure the equipment starts, runs, and shuts off correctly for safe and efficient operation.
Cooling System Maintenance
Clean Evaporator and Condenser Coils – Dust and debris on coils hinder cooling efficiency, forcing the system to work longer and increasing energy costs.
Check Refrigerant Levels – An incorrect refrigerant charge, whether too high or too low, decreases efficiency and shortens equipment life.
Adjust Blower Components – Proper airflow is crucial for maintaining comfort. Restricted airflow can lower efficiency by up to 15%.
Heating System Maintenance
Inspect Gas or Oil Components – Evaluate all gas or oil connections, burner combustion, gas pressure, and the heat exchanger. Poorly functioning connections can pose fire hazards and impact indoor air quality. A cracked heat exchanger or dirty burner may cause inefficient and unsafe operation.
Simple Tasks to Perform Regularly
Replace or Clean Air Filters – Check air filters monthly in the air conditioner, furnace, or heat pump. A clogged filter raises energy costs and can damage the system over time. A contractor can demonstrate how to do this properly.
Upgrade to a Smart Thermostat
A smart thermostat provides remote control over heating and cooling settings using a smartphone, tablet, or computer. These Wi-Fi-enabled devices can be managed through an app, offering greater convenience and efficiency compared to manual or programmable thermostats. Smart thermostats that meet ENERGY STAR certification standards deliver improved energy savings and better temperature management. Households with high heating and cooling costs or those frequently unoccupied during the day can save about $100 per year by installing an ENERGY STAR-certified smart thermostat.
Seal and Insulate Ductwork
Air ducts that distribute heated or cooled air throughout a home can be a major source of energy loss. Properly sealing and insulating ducts can enhance HVAC efficiency by up to 20% or more.
Begin by sealing ducts located in unconditioned spaces such as attics, crawlspaces, garages, or unheated basements.
Use duct sealant (mastic) or metal-backed foil tape to close gaps and reinforce connections.
Once sealed, wrap ducts with insulation to maintain consistent temperatures year-round.
After addressing ducts in unconditioned areas, check accessible ducts in conditioned parts of the home for leaks and seal them as needed.
Upgrade to ENERGY STAR-Certified HVAC Equipment
If heating or cooling equipment is over a decade old or struggling to maintain comfort levels, a professional assessment may be necessary. If performance issues persist, replacing outdated units with ENERGY STAR-certified models can significantly lower energy costs. Depending on location, upgrading to an energy-efficient HVAC system can reduce annual utility bills by up to $140. Before replacing a unit, however, it’s important to identify and address air leaks and ductwork issues, as these may be the primary causes of inefficiency.
Ensure Proper Installation of New Equipment
Upgrading to an energy-efficient system is only effective if the equipment is installed correctly. Poor installation can reduce efficiency by as much as 30%, leading to higher energy costs and potentially shortening the system's lifespan. To maximize performance, ensure that a qualified professional handles the installation process according to manufacturer guidelines.
Mary Watson
